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This book includes papers published in the Special Issue titled “Coastal Dynamic and Evolution”, which aimed to collect multidisciplinary studies that involved the evaluation of coastal evolution at different temporal scales, from hours and days to months and years, as well as historical changes. The volume contains investigations carried out by means of aerial photos and satellite images, as well as results from in situ surveys and observations aimed at assessing morphological changes in shoreline and dune systems as a consequence of chronic flooding and erosion processes or the occurrence of specific weather-related events. Studies on the evaluation of past and future sea-level variations and related impacts have also been included. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview of different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Russia, Italy, California (USA), Morocco, Spain, Indonesia, Ireland and Colombia have been included in this Special Issue. The content may be of interest to those who perform a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially to researchers and academics who can exploit the provided approaches and methodologies.

Research & information: general --- cultural heritage --- shoreline dynamics --- GIS --- UAV --- Palaeolithic --- Volga --- European Russia --- XBeach --- inundation --- erosion --- BSS --- Sant Esteve 2008 --- coarse sediment --- D50 --- sieving --- sand size --- sand parameters --- coastal dynamics --- aesthetic appeal --- Baltic Sea --- coastal dunes --- Curonian Spit --- Delphi technique --- paired comparison survey --- psychophysical approach --- Jakarta Bay --- sea level rise --- river discharge --- flooding --- tides --- currents --- beach ridges --- mathematical reconstruction --- curve fitting --- Ombrone River Delta --- coastline --- cliff and bluff retreat --- erosion rate --- uncertainty --- sea-level rise --- adaptive management --- Alicante --- beach nourishment --- CIEL*a*b* --- coastal management --- Costa Blanca --- mineralogical characterization --- sediment colour --- tourism --- western Mediterranean --- EOF --- beach profiles --- reef flat --- sand rich --- accretion --- mangrove --- coastal dynamic --- salinization --- Rhizophora mangle --- Avicennia germinans --- Laguncularia racemosa --- wave energy --- Hurricane Katia --- longshore transport --- dissipative --- tsunami propagation --- tsunami flooding --- sicilian coast --- coastal hazard --- dune characterization --- anthropic occupation --- fragmentation index --- dune surface --- coastal landscape evolution --- geomorphological analysis --- palaeo-shore platform --- relative sea-level changes --- sea-level proxy --- vertical ground movements --- campi flegrei volcanic area --- coastal landscapes --- coastal evolution assessment

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This book includes papers published in the Special Issue titled “Coastal Dynamic and Evolution”, which aimed to collect multidisciplinary studies that involved the evaluation of coastal evolution at different temporal scales, from hours and days to months and years, as well as historical changes. The volume contains investigations carried out by means of aerial photos and satellite images, as well as results from in situ surveys and observations aimed at assessing morphological changes in shoreline and dune systems as a consequence of chronic flooding and erosion processes or the occurrence of specific weather-related events. Studies on the evaluation of past and future sea-level variations and related impacts have also been included. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview of different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Russia, Italy, California (USA), Morocco, Spain, Indonesia, Ireland and Colombia have been included in this Special Issue. The content may be of interest to those who perform a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially to researchers and academics who can exploit the provided approaches and methodologies.

cultural heritage --- shoreline dynamics --- GIS --- UAV --- Palaeolithic --- Volga --- European Russia --- XBeach --- inundation --- erosion --- BSS --- Sant Esteve 2008 --- coarse sediment --- D50 --- sieving --- sand size --- sand parameters --- coastal dynamics --- aesthetic appeal --- Baltic Sea --- coastal dunes --- Curonian Spit --- Delphi technique --- paired comparison survey --- psychophysical approach --- Jakarta Bay --- sea level rise --- river discharge --- flooding --- tides --- currents --- beach ridges --- mathematical reconstruction --- curve fitting --- Ombrone River Delta --- coastline --- cliff and bluff retreat --- erosion rate --- uncertainty --- sea-level rise --- adaptive management --- Alicante --- beach nourishment --- CIEL*a*b* --- coastal management --- Costa Blanca --- mineralogical characterization --- sediment colour --- tourism --- western Mediterranean --- EOF --- beach profiles --- reef flat --- sand rich --- accretion --- mangrove --- coastal dynamic --- salinization --- Rhizophora mangle --- Avicennia germinans --- Laguncularia racemosa --- wave energy --- Hurricane Katia --- longshore transport --- dissipative --- tsunami propagation --- tsunami flooding --- sicilian coast --- coastal hazard --- dune characterization --- anthropic occupation --- fragmentation index --- dune surface --- coastal landscape evolution --- geomorphological analysis --- palaeo-shore platform --- relative sea-level changes --- sea-level proxy --- vertical ground movements --- campi flegrei volcanic area --- coastal landscapes --- coastal evolution assessment

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The European Community (EC) is the world's second largest multilateral channel for development assistance (after the World Bank). Its combined programmes are the fifth-largest among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and EC programmes have grown an average 3.3 per cent annually over the past five years, while the combined effort of DAC countries declined by 4.7 per cent annually. The Community's allocation of resources to lower income countries has not kept pace, however, with the overall growth of the ODA budget over recent years. EC programmes operate within a complex organisation and management structure, and Brussels faces serious challenges of implementation in adapting its operations to achieve agreed development objectives. There have been important steps in the evolution of the European Commission structures: a Common Service has been created to implement co-operation activities for the four Directorates General. But there is still a need to strengthen the capacity of delegations in the field to work fully with partners in advancing local ownership and co-ordination. The EC has a strong role to play in improving the coherence of policies affecting developing countries. The report analyses this question in fields such as agriculture, trade, fisheries agreements and Community fishing fleet subsidies. Co-ordination with other donors also seems to be improving, which bodes well for better overall partnerships between donors and partner countries. In 1998, the development co-operation policy of the following DAC Member countries will be reviewed: Canada, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, and the United States.

Economic development projects --- Evaluation. --- European Economic Community --- Economic assistance --- Technical assistance --- Development projects, Economic --- Projects, Economic development --- CEE --- Evropeĭskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- C.E.E. --- Communauté économique européenne --- Comunidad Económica Europea --- Comunità economica europea --- EEC --- EC --- Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft --- Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza --- Europese Economische Gemeenschap --- Európai Gazdasági Közösség --- EHS --- Kurapʻa Kyŏngje Kongdongchʻe --- Kurapʻa Kongdong Sijang --- EEG --- Evropeĭska ikonomicheska obshtnost --- Evropské hospodářské spolecenstvi --- Comunidade Económica Europeia --- EWG --- Europæiske økonomiske fællesskab --- EØF --- Koinē Agora --- EOK --- MCE --- Mercado Común Europeo --- Europeiske økonomiske fellesskap --- Evropeĭskoe ėkonomicheskoe soobshchestvo --- MEC --- Evropska ekonomska zaednica --- EZZ --- Common Market --- Marché commun --- EĖS --- Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu --- AET --- Müşterek Pazar --- Ortak Pazar --- Sūq al-Ūrūbbīyah al-Mushtarakah --- Mercado Comum --- Europaikē Oikonomikē Koinotēta --- Evropska gospodarska skupnost --- Mercato comune --- EEZ --- Evropska ekonomska zajednica --- Euroopan Yhteisö --- EY --- EIO --- Shuḳ ha-Eropi ha-meʼuḥad --- Suq Komuni --- Eurōpaïkē Koinotēta --- Comunidade Européia --- Mercado Comum Europeau --- Unia Europejska --- Koinotēta --- E.G. --- קהילה האירופית --- קהילייה האירופאית --- שוק הארופאי המשותף --- Evropeisku Félagsmarknaðin --- EF --- CEE (European Economic Community) --- C.E.E. (European Economic Community) --- EEC (European Economic Community)

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Public finance --- European Economic Community --- Finance --- AA / International- internationaal --- 334.150.6 --- 336.1 --- 336.12 --- European Union --- 341.176 <4-15> --- 339.923 <4-15> --- Begrotingen en Rekenkamer van de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- Public finance, government finance in general --- Staatsfinancien. Staatshuishouding --- Finance. --- politique budgetaire --- ce --- begrotingsbeleid --- eg --- 336.12 Staatsfinancien. Staatshuishouding --- 336.1 Public finance, government finance in general --- CEE --- Evropeĭskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- C.E.E. --- Communauté économique européenne --- Comunidad Económica Europea --- Comunità economica europea --- EEC --- EC --- Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft --- Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza --- Europese Economische Gemeenschap --- Európai Gazdasági Közösség --- EHS --- Kurapʻa Kyŏngje Kongdongchʻe --- Kurapʻa Kongdong Sijang --- EEG --- Evropeĭska ikonomicheska obshtnost --- Evropské hospodářské spolecenstvi --- Comunidade Económica Europeia --- EWG --- Europæiske økonomiske fællesskab --- EØF --- Koinē Agora --- EOK --- MCE --- Mercado Común Europeo --- Europeiske økonomiske fellesskap --- Evropeĭskoe ėkonomicheskoe soobshchestvo --- MEC --- Evropska ekonomska zaednica --- EZZ --- Common Market --- Marché commun --- EĖS --- Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu --- AET --- Müşterek Pazar --- Ortak Pazar --- Sūq al-Ūrūbbīyah al-Mushtarakah --- Mercado Comum --- Europaikē Oikonomikē Koinotēta --- Evropska gospodarska skupnost --- Mercato comune --- EEZ --- Evropska ekonomska zajednica --- Euroopan Yhteisö --- EY --- EIO --- Shuḳ ha-Eropi ha-meʼuḥad --- Suq Komuni --- Eurōpaïkē Koinotēta --- Comunidade Européia --- Mercado Comum Europeau --- Unia Europejska --- Koinotēta --- E.G. --- קהילה האירופית --- קהילייה האירופאית --- שוק הארופאי המשותף --- Evropeisku Félagsmarknaðin --- EF --- Begrotingen en Rekenkamer van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- CEE (European Economic Community) --- C.E.E. (European Economic Community) --- EEC (European Economic Community)

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Macroeconomics --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- European Union --- European Economic Community --- European Union. --- 341.176(4) --- AA / International- internationaal --- 334.150.0 --- Institutionele aspecten EG: algemeenheden. --- European Economic Community. --- CEE --- Evropeĭskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- C.E.E. --- Communauté économique européenne --- Comunidad Económica Europea --- Comunità economica europea --- EEC --- EC --- Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft --- Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza --- Europese Economische Gemeenschap --- Európai Gazdasági Közösség --- EHS --- Kurapʻa Kyŏngje Kongdongchʻe --- Kurapʻa Kongdong Sijang --- EEG --- Evropeĭska ikonomicheska obshtnost --- Evropské hospodářské spolecenstvi --- Comunidade Económica Europeia --- EWG --- Europæiske økonomiske fællesskab --- EØF --- Koinē Agora --- EOK --- MCE --- Mercado Común Europeo --- Europeiske økonomiske fellesskap --- Evropeĭskoe ėkonomicheskoe soobshchestvo --- MEC --- Evropska ekonomska zaednica --- EZZ --- Common Market --- Marché commun --- EĖS --- Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu --- AET --- Müşterek Pazar --- Ortak Pazar --- Sūq al-Ūrūbbīyah al-Mushtarakah --- Mercado Comum --- Europaikē Oikonomikē Koinotēta --- Evropska gospodarska skupnost --- Mercato comune --- EEZ --- Evropska ekonomska zajednica --- Euroopan Yhteisö --- EY --- EIO --- Shuḳ ha-Eropi ha-meʼuḥad --- Suq Komuni --- Eurōpaïkē Koinotēta --- Comunidade Européia --- Mercado Comum Europeau --- Unia Europejska --- Koinotēta --- E.G. --- קהילה האירופית --- קהילייה האירופאית --- שוק הארופאי המשותף --- Evropeisku Félagsmarknaðin --- EF --- Institutionele aspecten EG: algemeenheden --- CEE (European Economic Community) --- C.E.E. (European Economic Community) --- EEC (European Economic Community)